Note

This is the documentation for the current state of the development branch of Qiskit Experiments. The documentation or APIs here can change prior to being released.

ZZRamsey

class ZZRamsey(physical_qubits, backend=None, **experiment_options)[source]

An experiment to characterize the static \(ZZ\) interaction for a qubit pair.

Overview

This experiment assumes a two qubit Hamiltonian of the form

\[H = h \left(\frac{f_0}{2} ZI + \frac{f_1}{2} IZ + \frac{f_{ZZ}}{4} ZZ\right)\]

and measures the strength \(f_{ZZ}\) of the \(ZZ\) term. \(f_{ZZ}\) can be described as the difference between the frequency of qubit 0 when qubit 1 is excited and the frequency of qubit 0 when qubit 1 is in the ground state. Because \(f_{ZZ}\) is symmetric in qubit index, it can also be expressed with the roles of 0 and 1 reversed. Experimentally, we measure \(f_{ZZ}\) by performing Ramsey sequences on qubit 0 with qubit 1 in the ground state and again with qubit 1 in the excited state. The standard Ramsey experiment consists of putting a qubit along the \(X\) axis of Bloch sphere, waiting for some time, and then measuring the qubit project along \(X\). By measuring the \(X\) projection versus time the qubit frequency can be inferred. See T2Ramsey and RamseyXY.

Because we are interested in the difference in qubit 0 frequency between the two qubit 1 preparations rather than the absolute frequencies of qubit 0 for those preparations, we modify the Ramsey sequences (the circuits for the modified sequences are shown below). First, we add an X gate on qubit 0 to the middle of the Ramsey delay. This would have the effect of echoing out the phase accumulation of qubit 0 (like a Hahn echo sequence as used in T2Hahn), but we add a simultaneous X gate to qubit 1 as well. Flipping qubit 1 inverts the sign of the \(f_{ZZ}\) term. The net result is that qubit 0 continues to accumulate phase proportional to \(f_{ZZ}\) while the phase due to any ZI term is canceled out. This technique allows \(f_{ZZ}\) to be measured using longer delay times than might otherwise be possible with a qubit with a slow frequency drift (i.e. the measurement is not sensitive to qubit frequency drift from shot to shot, only to drift within a single shot).

The resulting excited state population of qubit 0 versus delay time exhibits slow sinusoidal oscillations (assuming \(f_{ZZ}\) is relatively small). To help with distinguishing between qubit decay and a slow oscillation, an extra Z rotation is applied before the final pulse on qubit 0. The angle of this Z rotation is set proportional to the delay time of the sequence. This angle proportional to time behaves similarly to measuring at a fixed angle with the qubit rotating at a constant frequency. This virtual frequency is common to the two qubit 1 preparations. By looking at the difference in frequency fitted for the two cases, this virtual frequency (called \(f\) in the circuits shown below) is removed, leaving only the \(f_{ZZ}\) value. The value of \(f\) in terms of the experiment options is num_rotations / (max(delays) - min(delays)).

This experiment consists of the following two circuits repeated with different delay values.

Modified Ramsey sequence with qubit 1 initially in the ground state

     ┌────┐ ░ ┌─────────────────┐ ░ ┌───┐ ░ ┌─────────────────┐ ░ »
q_0: ┤ √X ├─░─┤ Delay(delay[s]) ├─░─┤ X ├─░─┤ Delay(delay[s]) ├─░─»
     └────┘ ░ └─────────────────┘ ░ ├───┤ ░ └─────────────────┘ ░ »
q_1: ───────░─────────────────────░─┤ X ├─░─────────────────────░─»
            ░                     ░ └───┘ ░                     ░ »
c: 1/═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════»
                                                                  »
«     ┌─────────────────────┐┌────┐ ░ ┌─┐
«q_0: ┤ Rz(4*delay*dt*f*pi) ├┤ √X ├─░─┤M├
«     └────────┬───┬────────┘└────┘ ░ └╥┘
«q_1: ─────────┤ X ├────────────────░──╫─
«              └───┘                ░  ║
«c: 1/═════════════════════════════════╩═
«                                      0

Modified Ramsey sequence with qubit 1 initially in the excited state

     ┌────┐ ░ ┌─────────────────┐ ░ ┌───┐ ░ ┌─────────────────┐ ░ »
q_0: ┤ √X ├─░─┤ Delay(delay[s]) ├─░─┤ X ├─░─┤ Delay(delay[s]) ├─░─»
     ├───┬┘ ░ └─────────────────┘ ░ ├───┤ ░ └─────────────────┘ ░ »
q_1: ┤ X ├──░─────────────────────░─┤ X ├─░─────────────────────░─»
     └───┘  ░                     ░ └───┘ ░                     ░ »
c: 1/═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════»
                                                                  »
«     ┌─────────────────────┐┌────┐ ░ ┌─┐
«q_0: ┤ Rz(4*delay*dt*f*pi) ├┤ √X ├─░─┤M├
«     └─────────────────────┘└────┘ ░ └╥┘
«q_1: ──────────────────────────────░──╫─
«                                   ░  ║
«c: 1/═════════════════════════════════╩═
«                                      0

Analysis class reference

ZZRamseyAnalysis

Experiment options

These options can be set by the set_experiment_options() method.

Options

  • Defined in the class ZZRamsey:

    • delays (list[float])

      Default value: None
      The list of delays that will be scanned in the experiment, in seconds. If not set, then num_delays evenly spaced delays between min_delay and max_delay are used. If delays is set, max_delay, min_delay, and num_delays are ignored.

    • max_delay (float)

      Default value: 1e-05
      Maximum delay time to use.

    • min_delay (float)

      Default value: 0.0
      Minimum delay time to use.

    • num_delays (int)

      Default value: 50
      Number of circuits to use per control state preparation.

    • num_rotations (float)

      Default value: 5
      The extra rotation added to qubit 0 uses a frequency that gives this many rotations in the case where \(f_{ZZ}\) is 0.

  • Defined in the class BaseExperiment:

    • max_circuits (Optional[int])

      Default value: None
      The maximum number of circuits per job when running an experiment on a backend.

Example

from qiskit_experiments.library.characterization import ZZRamsey

exp = ZZRamsey(physical_qubits=(0,1), backend=backend)

exp_data = exp.run().block_for_results()
display(exp_data.figure(0))
exp_data.analysis_results(dataframe=True)
../_images/qiskit_experiments.library.characterization.ZZRamsey_1_0.png
name experiment components value quality backend run_time chisq
be3afab5 @Parameters_ZZRamseyAnalysis ZZRamsey [Q0, Q1] CurveFitResult:\n - fitting method: least_squa... good aer_simulator_from(fake_perth) None None
b3cacbdb zz ZZRamsey [Q0, Q1] (0.5+/-2.2)e+02 good aer_simulator_from(fake_perth) None 1.11823

Initialization

Create new experiment.

Parameters:

  • physical_qubits (Tuple[int, int]) – The qubits on which to run the Ramsey XY experiment.

  • backend (Backend | None) – Optional, the backend to run the experiment on.

  • experiment_options – experiment options to set

Attributes

analysis

Return the analysis instance for the experiment

backend

Return the backend for the experiment

experiment_options

Return the options for the experiment.

experiment_type

Return experiment type.

num_qubits

Return the number of qubits for the experiment.

physical_qubits

Return the device qubits for the experiment.

run_options

Return options values for the experiment run() method.

transpile_options

Return the transpiler options for the run() method.

Methods

circuits()[source]

Create circuits

Returns:

A list of circuits with a variable delay.

Return type:

List[QuantumCircuit]

config()

Return the config dataclass for this experiment

Return type:

ExperimentConfig

copy()

Return a copy of the experiment

Return type:

BaseExperiment

delays()[source]

Delay values to use in circuits

Returns:

The list of delays to use for the different circuits based on the experiment options.

Return type:

List[float]

frequency()[source]

Frequency of qubit rotation when ZZ is 0

This method calculates the simulated frequency applied to both sets of circuits. The value is chosen to induce num_rotations number of rotation within the time window that the delay is swept through.

Returns:

The frequency at which the target qubit will rotate when ZZ is zero based on the current experiment options.

Return type:

float

classmethod from_config(config)

Initialize an experiment from experiment config

Return type:

BaseExperiment

job_info(backend=None)

Get information about job distribution for the experiment on a specific backend.

Parameters:

backend (Backend) – Optional, the backend for which to get job distribution information. If not specified, the experiment must already have a set backend.

Returns:

A dictionary containing information about job distribution.

  • ”Total number of circuits in the experiment”: Total number of circuits in the experiment.

  • ”Maximum number of circuits per job”: Maximum number of circuits in one job based on backend and experiment settings.

  • ”Total number of jobs”: Number of jobs needed to run this experiment on the currently set backend.

Return type:

dict

Raises:

QiskitError – if backend is not specified.

parametrized_circuits()[source]

Create circuits with parameters for numerical quantities

This method is primarily intended for generating template circuits that visualize well. It inserts qiskit.circuit.Parameters for \(π\) and dt as well the target qubit rotation frequency f.

Returns:

Parameterized circuits for the case of the control qubit being in 0 and in 1.

Return type:

Tuple[QuantumCircuit, QuantumCircuit]

run(backend=None, sampler=None, analysis='default', timeout=None, backend_run=None, **run_options)

Run an experiment and perform analysis.

Parameters:

  • backend (Backend | None) – Optional, the backend to run on. Will override existing backend settings.

  • sampler (BaseSamplerV2 | None) – Optional, the sampler to run the experiment on. If None then a sampler will be invoked from previously set backend

  • analysis (BaseAnalysis | None) – Optional, a custom analysis instance to use for performing analysis. If None analysis will not be run. If "default" the experiments analysis() instance will be used if it contains one.

  • timeout (float | None) – Time to wait for experiment jobs to finish running before cancelling.

  • backend_run (bool | None) – Use backend run (temp option for testing)

  • run_options – backend runtime options used for circuit execution.

Returns:

The experiment data object.

Raises:

QiskitError – If experiment is run with an incompatible existing ExperimentData container.

Return type:

ExperimentData

set_experiment_options(**fields)

Set the experiment options.

Parameters:

fields – The fields to update the options

Raises:

AttributeError – If the field passed in is not a supported options

set_run_options(**fields)

Set options values for the experiment run() method.

Parameters:

fields – The fields to update the options

See also

The Setting options for your experiment guide for code example.

set_transpile_options(**fields)

Set the transpiler options for run() method.

Parameters:

fields – The fields to update the options

Raises:

QiskitError – If initial_layout is one of the fields.

See also

The Setting options for your experiment guide for code example.