Note

This is the documentation for the current state of the development branch of Qiskit Experiments. The documentation or APIs here can change prior to being released.

cvxpy_linear_lstsq

cvxpy_linear_lstsq(outcome_data, shot_data, measurement_data, preparation_data, measurement_basis=None, preparation_basis=None, measurement_qubits=None, preparation_qubits=None, conditional_measurement_indices=None, conditional_preparation_indices=None, trace='auto', psd=True, trace_preserving='auto', partial_trace=None, weights=None, **kwargs)

Constrained weighted linear least-squares tomography fitter.

Overview

This fitter reconstructs the maximum-likelihood estimate by using cvxpy to minimize the constrained least-squares negative log likelihood function

$$\begin{array}{rl}\hat{\rho }& =-\text{argmin }\log \mathcal{L}\rho \\ & =\text{argmin }\sum _i{w}_i^2(\text{Tr}[E_j\rho ]-{\hat{p}}_i{)}^2\\ & =\text{argmin }\Vert W(Ax-y){\Vert }_2^2\end{array}$$

subject to

• Positive-semidefinite (psd=True): $\rho \gg 0$ is constrained to be a positive-semidefinite matrix.

• Trace (trace=t): $\text{Tr}(\rho )=t$ is constrained to have the specified trace.

• Trace preserving (trace_preserving=True): When performing process tomography the Choi-state $\rho$ represents is constrained to be trace preserving.

where

• $A$ is the matrix of measurement operators $A=\sum _i|i⟩⟨⟨M_i|$

• $y$ is the vector of expectation value data for each projector corresponding to estimates of $b_i=Tr[M_i\cdot x]$.

• $x$ is the vectorized density matrix (or Choi-matrix) to be fitted $$\begin{gathered} x=|\rho ⟩ \\ !⟩ \end{gathered}$$.

Note

Linear least-squares constructs the full basis matrix $A$ as a dense numpy array so should not be used for than 5 or 6 qubits. For larger number of qubits try the linear_inversion() fitter function.

Parameters:

• outcome_data (ndarray) – measurement outcome frequency data.

• shot_data (ndarray) – basis measurement total shot data.

• measurement_data (ndarray) – measurement basis indice data.

• preparation_data (ndarray) – preparation basis indice data.

• measurement_basis (Optional[MeasurementBasis]) – Optional, measurement matrix basis.

• preparation_basis (Optional[PreparationBasis]) – Optional, preparation matrix basis.

• measurement_qubits (Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]) – Optional, the physical qubits that were measured. If None they are assumed to be [0, ..., M-1] for M measured qubits.

• preparation_qubits (Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]) – Optional, the physical qubits that were prepared. If None they are assumed to be [0, ..., N-1] for N preparated qubits.

• conditional_measurement_indices (Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]) – Optional, conditional measurement data indices. If set this will return a list of fitted states conditioned on a fixed basis measurement of these qubits.

• conditional_preparation_indices (Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]) – Optional, conditional preparation data indices. If set this will return a list of fitted states conditioned on a fixed basis preparation of these qubits.

• trace (Union[None, float, str]) – trace constraint for the fitted matrix. If “auto” this will be set to 1 for QST or the input dimension for QST (default: “auto”).

• psd (bool) – If True rescale the eigenvalues of fitted matrix to be positive semidefinite (default: True)

• trace_preserving (Union[None, bool, str]) – Enforce the fitted matrix to be trace preserving when fitting a Choi-matrix in quantum process tomography. If “auto” this will be set to True for QPT and False for QST (default: “auto”).

• partial_trace (Optional[ndarray]) – Enforce conditional fitted Choi matrices to partial trace to POVM matrices.

• weights (Optional[ndarray]) – Optional array of weights for least squares objective. Weights should be the same shape as the outcome_data.

• kwargs – kwargs for cvxpy solver.

Raises:

• QiskitError – If CVXPy is not installed on the current system.

• AnalysisError – If analysis fails.

Return type:

Tuple[ndarray, Dict]

Returns:

The fitted matrix rho that maximizes the least-squares likelihood function.